Sheet metal roofing



June 7, 1932. BENNETT 1,861,998

SHEET METAL ROOFING Filed Feb. 7, 1929 mm 11 10 R9 Patented June 7, 1932 ATEN E FF S GEORGE IL. BENNETT, or emve m irmenrs, 01 110 SHEET EMETAL noorme Application filed February 7, 11929. :Sefial :No. -388;1 21.

My invention relates 'to sheet metal roofing, and 1111016 particularly -.to ,a roofing composed-ofsheet'metaltiles.

Sheet metal tile roofing, of the type to Which-my invention relates, is composed of a plurality of separate dished tiles, each havi'n a gutter-formed along one-edge thereof in whichthe-flange of-an adjacent tile is seated. Thesetiles have a vitreous coating and possess sufficient rigidityto require their be- .ing set upon'theroot decking and secured in {plflCe without-thegpossibility oitbending or otherwise fitting the tiles. Vith such tile roofing, the securing means for the tiles in one course yare protected by the ti -les'o-f the nest higher-course. There is,in;such roofing,

.a a-tendency-during a heavy rainstorm accompanied :by high winds for the .tiles to hit slightly,and for thefrains to drive-between the-tiles: andthe decking. While means operative upon the separate tiles inayrbe employed :to counteract the --aotion of the Wind and 'to preven'tthe forcing of Water beneaththe tiles,

'I-have found itnecessany,-,in order to-procure a perfectlyvti'ght roof .throughout, to provide a roofing structure with suitable ,protectnig Jneans at the rldge, eaves and-gables wh ch will ;.provide -:-adequate protection to these parts against :the elements wv-ithout interfer- Eing Witlrthe laying of the tiles.

'So f-ar-as myfp'resent invention isconcerned, the detail construction and "arrangementof the tiles forming the roof is of secondary importance as compared with the construc- *tion at the ridge, eaves and/gables.

In the roofin 'embod in in Y invention a b b V- 7 ridge roll 1-isiused whichlaps the upper edge of the tiles upon opposite-sides of the ridge and is secured to the .roof decking-by means protected by the tiles, While the ridge roll protects the means securing the tiles {in ,rela- -tion thereto and-to the roof. This ridge roll also forms a dam-adjacentfthe upper edge of the?topmostcourses of tiles with which it co operates in effectively preventing-the forcing of Water beyond the edge ofthe tile.

The eaves construction need .-not be relied upon in any vyay except to protectthe-edge of the roof decking, :and form a dam which will effectively preventthe flow of Water past flashing and-lock athgable;

the eaves'fiashing'andlupon thereof decking. Qwingito the ovenh angofthe eaves, deterioration of the roof iromleakage at this point is merely a local hiatten'and the effects of leakage atgthislpoiiitare not as serious 'as 'abou-tthe ridge an'd' at otherfpo'rtions of the roofing, particularly Yas-the overhang of the eavesroroinarily is greaterwthan the length of a single tile and the construction throughout ,the body of theroof limits the areas which can be afliected by' ivat'erbeing forced 4 beneath the tiles adjacent the eaves.

the gable construction, the conditions, sodaras seepage orflow of ivateris concerned, closely resemblethose at theeavesJ There is, however, atfthe gables, the .problem of preventingthe lifting-of the outer side edge of the tiles bythe wind, which is not present at the eaves.

Hence, Iprovide a construction- Wherein 7 .th'eactron ofrthett l ng, at} the ridge, eaves and of construction and combination of parts, herinafterisetTforth anddescri-bedand more 8,

.particularlyrpointed outinrthe claims hereto app e"nth-id.

Referring to the drawing,

Fig. 1 is {a perspective condensed View of a Tooling embodying the invention F'g. 2fis asec'tion on the line 22 of Fig. 7 -1 upon a larger scale showing-more particu- "larlyftheridge and eaves construction 1 of the roofin Fig 3 is afragme itaryshowing, partly in section, oithe gable construction from the right of JF-ig. J1;

Fig 4 is an enlarged J detail view of the In the embodiment of the invention shown in the drawing, the roof decking 10, of any desired construction, is covered with metallic tiling, the individual tiles 11 of which have, along one edge thereof, gutter forming means 12 adapted to receive one of the side flanges of an adjacent tile. Means are provided, acting upon each tile adjacent the deep butt flange thereof and co-operating with the troughed portion of the tile, for preventing the lifting of one side of the tile by the wind, the troughed portion of one tile interlocking with the adjacent tile so as to hold the contiguous portion of that tile against such displacement.

This construction is not shown in detail,

since it forms no part of the present invention and is described merely to enable a full understanding of the present invention which assumes that the various tiles of which the roof is composed are secured to the roof with suflicient firmness, except at the gables, to afford a desired tightness in the roof.

A. further feature of the sheet metal tile roof construction is the employment of dam strips 14; projecting across, over and above the beaded upper edge of each course of tiles for preventing the passage of water along the upper surface of, and about the upper edge of, each tile. This, so far as the present invention is concerned, is also old in the art.

It is obvious that the construction relied upon throughout the main portion of the roof to protect the securing means of each tile cannot be resorted to at the ridge of the roof.

To meet this condition, I provide a ridge r011 15 extending across the ridge of the roof and secured along the edges thereof upon opposite sides of the peak in any desired manner, as by means of nails 16. The ridge roll may be formed of any desirednumber of sections secured in relation to each other to' form a continuous roll without possibility of the presence of leaks. This ridge roll is secured in position before the uppermost course of tiles upon each side of the ridge is placed in position, and is made of copper, zinc or other suitable material which may be readily bent so as to leave a clear field for the securing of the tiles of the uppermost courses in position in relation thereto.

Intermediate the edges of the roll secured to the decking, and the top of the roll, the material along each edge thereof is bent to provide an overhanging guard 17 adapted to be engaged with the top of the tiles to provide a fairly close oint therewith, and so formed as to afford a depending tongue or dam ridge 18 between the guard and the head at the upper edge of the tiling, and a pocket adapted to receive and inclose said bead. By this construction, no water is permitted to pass the uppermost course of tiles. The tiles 11 of the uppermost course protect the nails 16 from the elements, and the guard 17 protects the nails 19 used for securing the tiles in position in relation to the decking. Tliis construction and arrangement as to one side of the peak is clearly shown in Fig. 7 of the drawing, including the form of the bead20 along the upper edge of the tile 11.

The ends 21 of the ridge roll 15, from the end of'one guard 17 to the end of theother guard 17 are extended beyond the roll proper, as shown to the right of Fig. 1, so that they may be bent downwardly against the edge of the decking and secured in position, as shown to the left of Fig. 1, for the purpose of sealing the opposite ends of the ridge roll against the elements. This construction is preferable as it affords no oints at the gable ends. Of course, if desired, instead of merely forming the end flashings 21 integrally with the ridge roll, they may be fitted thereto and soldered in place.

lVhile the gutters 12 may be formed upon either side of the tile, it is obvious that the tiles at one gable, or the other, will have no gutter formed along either side edge thereof, and that at both gables there will be a depending flange llb, having a bead 11a extending from adjacent the butt to the top of the tile, as illustrated in Fig. 4, and that this flange may be so positioned as to project slightly beyond the edge of the roof decking.

The various tiles in the different courses of a roof embodying my invention are held in position by means of a hooked member acting upon the edge of th utter 12 of each u n V b tile. This construction results in an absence of securing means acting upon the edges of the tiles at the gable ends of the roof, notwithstanding that such tiles are particularly exposed to the elements and are peculiarly subject to being lifted by the wind. This condition presents a problem of not onlv shown, to form a trough 22a and a drip edge 226. This strip is secured to the roof decking by being nailed to the under side of the gable, as shown.

Adjacent each tile is what may be termed a gable cover 23, consisting of a plate of a if" length extending from the upper ortop edge of the tile to a point adjacent the butt, and beyond the dam strip 14 co-operating with the tiles of the next lower course. The up v per edge of this plate is recessed as shown at 24 so as to have a snug fit with the bead; 11?) of the side flange 11a of the tile with which the cover co-operates, thus not only affording an effective barrier against the pas; sage of water between the tile and the. roof decking, but also as a guard against the lif ing of the tile by the wind.

The gable covers 23, throughout the entire, length of the gable, form a substantially con tinuous barrier against the elements. These. covers or plates have the lower edges thereof inserted in the troughed portion- 22aof the gable facing, nails 25 being driven through said gable facing and said gable covers so,

as to not only secure the covers to the roof decking, but close the troughed portion 22a upon said covers. The gable covers are formed, preferably of copper of harder stock than the facing.

If desired, clips 26 may be secured to. the roof decking in a position to pass over and engage the recessed portion 24 of thecover.

plates 23, thus supplementing the action of said plates in holding the tiles against being lifted. These clips may be dispensed with, however, if found unnecessary. They are secured in position by means of nails 27,

which nails are protected by the til-e with which the clip co-operates.

The recessed portions 24 of the plates 23 conform to the configuration of the bead 11b, of the tile so as to have a close'interlocking fit therewith.

The gable covers or plates 23 may be brought to the peak of the roof and be overlapped by the ends 21 of the ridge roll 15.;

Enclosing the edge of the eaves is a dam strip 29 troughed so as to straddle the roof decking and secured in position by means of ordinary nails 30 and 31. Carried by and formed integrally with the strip 29 is an upwardly and forwardly extending flange 82 acting as a dam for checking the flow of water below the eaves tiles 11. This strip, like the dam strips 14, as shown in Fig. 6, is cut away to accommodate the troughs 12 ofthe tiles 11 in the lowermost course.

The strip 29 has no function except to protect the'edge of the decking and checkthe flow of water in the manner above described. It may be made of copper, zinc or any'other desired material which may be readily Worked upon the ob in laying the tiles upon the roof.

The ridge roll 15 and the various dam strips 1 are electrically connected with the gable facing 22 and the gable covers or plates 23, and withthe eaves flashing strip 29, thus forming a sort of Faraday cage which affords a very effective means of protecting'the entire roof from damageby lightning if an ordinary conductor rod; 33: be. connected with any portion of this cage structure and with ground.

In order to secure the desired electrical connection between the gable facing strips and 7 the. various d am strips, I provide. the. former with an overhang 28 engaging the. roof deckin gupon which the. ends of the. dam strips 14 rest and are in electrical connection.

In layin the eavesaTashings 29, the gable facings 22 and the ridge roll 15 may be applied to the roof before any of the tiles are laid. The dam strips 14 may be positioned immediately prior to'the laying of each course of tiles, the ends of the. strip for each tile course seating upon the overhang 28.. If the gutters 12 are upon the right hand side of the tiles, the tiles in each course will be laid from left to right, and this is the condition assumed in the drawing. By reason of the width of the gutters 12, as compared with the thickness of the side'fiange of the adjoining tile entering: same, the various tiles in a course may be adjusted in relation to each other so as to ensure a proper length in the entire course of tiles to reachfrom gable to. gable. This applies to theroof construction shown in the drawing.

Mounting the first tile of a course to the left, the bead on the left side flange thereof will be engaged with the recessed portion 24 of the co-operating gable cover or plate 23 before driving the nails securing the tile in place. The mere laying of the tile will establish the proper relation between the dam 3.2 and the tile, the deep butt flange of the tile resting upon the flashing strip 29., shown a roof embodying the invention,

particularly in Fig. 5. Each tile 011 the lowermost course is then positioned solely with relation to previously laid tiles and the dam strip 32, until the extreme right hand tile 11 is laid. l/Vhen this is done, the right side flange of this tile is engaged with the recessed portion 24 of a right hand gable cover or plate 23, as shown more particularly in Figs. 1 and 4;, the head 11?) 0f the flange 11a being fitted to the gable cover.

The manner of laying each course of tiles is a mere repetition of that above referred to. Before laying the uppermost course, however, the adjacent guard 17 of a ridge roll 15 is bent upwardly sufficiently to permit thenails 19- to be driven'through the nail openings in the tile. After all or a desired number of the tiles 11 of the uppermost course have been laid, the guard 17 is forced downwardly bringing the dam loop 18 between the guard 17 and the rolled edge 20 of the tile. The engagement of the guard'17 with the top surface of each tile in a course, excepting at the gutters, will afford an effective barrier preventing the flow of water along the top surface of the tile.

ing the pocket receiving the beaded or rolled flange EZO, will prevent any material quantity of water which may pass the guard and the dam 18, passing to the roof decking. The gable facing 22 and the gable cover or plate 23, extending as it does within the side flanges of each tile, and being in close contact with the bead 11b of the side flange 11a of such tile, will practically exclude all water from below the tile co-operating therewith.

Since adjacent the upper flange 20, the gutters 12 will have been reduced to a point where they will have substantially no depth, there is little danger of any material quantity of water passing below the darn 18. The fold of the material of the ridge roll between the edge -portion thereof and the dam head 18 will supplement the action of said bead in preventing the forcing of water beyond the top of the uppermost course of tiles.

The ridge roll, as embodied in the roofing structure, presents edge portions adapted to be secured tothe roof decking, the upper portions of the topmost course of tiles lapping and seating upon such edge portions, a top portion spanning the peak of the roof; the material of the ridge roll, intermediate this top portion being bent upon itself to form, adjacent each edge portion, a guard overhanging the edge portion, said edge portions and said guards being spaced apart so that the tiles of said. uppermost course will be received between and engaged by an edge portion and its adjacent guard. At the juncture of the edge portion and the guard, the material of the ridge roll is, as described, so formed as to inclose the upper edge of the tiles and project downwardly in the form of a dam bead to present a pocket in which the reinforced beaded upper edge of the tiles are snugly seated. This construction, in addition to securing the sealing effect of the ordinary flashing along the ridge of the roof, completely incloses and effectively seals against the elements, the upper edges of the tiles of the top course, and protects the securing means for these tiles from the elements, the tiles themselves effectively protecting the securing means for the roll.-

The character of the invention is such that it is practically impossible to present drawings with any degree of accuracy as to the relative scale of the various parts. The thickness of the metal stock shown in the drawing, as compared with that of other parts, is excessive, but necessary in order to show dimension.

It is not my intention to limit the invention to the precise details of construction and arrangement of parts shown in the drawing, it being apparent that such may be varied without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Having described the invention, what I claim as new and desire to have protected by Letters Patent, is

1. A roofing of the classformed of flanged sheet metal tiles arranged in parallel courses, each tile having a depending butt flange and side flanges of progressively increasing depth from the to of the tile toward said butt flange embo ying therein a metallic gable cover secured tothe gable end of the roof decking and PIOjGCtiIlg upwardly to within the depending side flange of a metal tile adjacent said gable end, the top edge of said cover conforming to the varying depth of the side flange of the tile with which it cooperates 2. A roofing of the class formed of flanged sheet metal tiles arranged in parallel courses, each tile having a depending butt flange and side flanges of progressively increasing depth from the top of the tile toward said butt flange, embodying therein a metallic gable cover secured to the gable end of the roof decking and projecting upwardly to within the depending side flange of a metal tile adjacent said gable end, the side flange of each tile being provided with edge beading, and said gable cover varying in depth to conform to the varying depth of the side flange of the tile with which it co-operates and being recessed to conform to and have a close interlocking fit with said edge heading.

3. A roofing of the class formed of flanged sheet metal tiles embodying therein a gable facing strip having a troughed portion formed therein along the edge of the gable, a metallic gable cover having the lower portion thereof seated in said troughed portion of said facing strip, the upper portion of said gable cover projecting upwardly to within the flanged side of a metallic tile adjacent said gable end, the side flanges of each tile being provided with edge heading, and said gable cover being recessed to conform to and have a close interlocking fit with said edge bead, and means passing through the troughed portion of said gable facing strip and said gable cover holding the latter firmly in position.

4. A roofing of the class formed of flanged sheet metal tiles embodying therein a gable facing strip having a troughed portion formed therein along the edge of the gable, a metallic gable cover having the lower portion thereof, seated in said troughed portion of said facing strip, the upper portion of said gable cover projecting upwardly to within the flanged side of a metallic tile adjacent said gable end, the side flanges of each tile being provided with edge beading, and said gable cover being recessed to conform to and have a close interlocking fit with said edge bead, means passing through the troughed portion of said gable facing strip and said gable cover holding the latter firmly in posi- 

